在紛繁復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)世界，你知道都有哪些英語(yǔ)連讀規(guī)則嗎？我們?yōu)槟窒硪欢?/p>
(資料圖)
一
連讀的條件
相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關(guān)， 同屬?個(gè)意群。連讀所構(gòu)成的?節(jié)?般都不重讀， 只需順 其?然地?帶而過(guò)， 不可讀得太重。
1.“輔音+元音”型
連讀在同?個(gè)意群?， 如果相鄰兩詞中的前?個(gè)詞是以輔?結(jié)尾， 后?個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭， 這 就要將輔音與元音拼起來(lái)連讀。
eg. I’m~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Blackworkedin~an~officeyesterday.
Put~it~on,please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
2.“r/re+元音”型連讀
如果前?個(gè)詞是以-r或者-re結(jié)尾， 后?個(gè)詞是以元?開(kāi)頭， 這時(shí)的r或re不但要發(fā)/r/，而且還要與 后面的元音拼起來(lái)連讀。
eg. They’re my father~and mother.
I looked for~it here~and there.
There~is a football under~it.
There~are some books on the desk.
Here~is a letter for you.
Here~are four~eggs.
But where~is my cup?
Where~are your brother~and sister?
但是， 如果?個(gè)音節(jié)的前后都有字母r， 即使后面的詞以元音開(kāi)頭， 也不能連讀。
The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer. (nearer與and不可連讀)
3.“輔音+半元音”型連讀
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的/j/和/w/是半元音， 如果前?個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾， 后?個(gè)詞是以半元音， 特別是/j/開(kāi) 頭， 此時(shí)也要連讀。
eg. Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea？
Could~you help me, please?
“音的同化”— 常把/d/+/j/讀成/dV/， did you聽(tīng)上成了/dIdVu/，would you成了 /wudVu/， could you 成了 /kudVu/
4.“元音+元音”型連讀
如果前?個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾， 后?個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭， 這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。
eg. I~am Chinese.
He~is very friendly to me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and why did you come here?
She can’t carry~it.
It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
5.當(dāng)短語(yǔ)或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)， 意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)， 也不可連讀。
Is~it a~hat or a cat? (hat與or之間不可以連讀)
There~is~a good book in my desk. (book與in之間不可以連讀)
Can you speak~English or French? ( English與or之間不可以連讀)
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet與 at， eight與or之間不可以連讀) She opened the door and walked~in. (door與and之間不可以連讀)
二
失去爆破
6個(gè)爆破音有3對(duì)/p/，/b/; /t/，/d/; /k/，/g/
失去爆破， 又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下， 只須做出發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。
1.“爆破音+爆破音”型
6個(gè)爆破音中的任意2個(gè)相臨時(shí)， 前?個(gè)爆破音會(huì)失去爆破， 即由相關(guān)的發(fā)音器官做好這個(gè)發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)， 稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破。
eg. The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now .
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
2.“爆破音+摩擦音”型
如果前面是爆破音， 其后緊跟著某些摩擦音 (如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等) ，那么前面那個(gè)爆破音僅有十分輕微的爆破，而后面那個(gè)摩擦音則要完全爆破。
eg. Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.
Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao.
三
濁化
1、 [S] 后面的清輔音要濁化
eg. discussion：[c] 濁化成 [g]
stand：[t] 濁化成[d]
expression：[p]濁化成 [b]
2、美音中：[t]在單詞的中間被濁化成[d]
如：writer， 聽(tīng)起來(lái)和 rider 的發(fā)音幾乎沒(méi)有區(qū)別
letter— ladder
美國(guó)人和加拿大人發(fā)音為了省事， 習(xí)慣清音濁化， 尤其是[t]在單詞的中間一定會(huì)濁化成[d]， 但英國(guó)人發(fā)音不會(huì)這樣， 這也是英音和美音的一大區(qū)別。了解這一濁化原則， 會(huì)給聽(tīng)力帶來(lái)?些幫助。
四
弱讀
?般來(lái)說(shuō)：實(shí)詞重讀， 如動(dòng)詞、名詞、副詞等；
虛詞弱讀， 如介詞、代詞等。
弱讀的規(guī)則?般是：元音音節(jié)弱化成 [E]， 如單詞 for, from, to, some, am, do, have, does
強(qiáng)式 [fC:] [frC:m] [tU :] [sQm] [Am] [dU :] [hAv] [dQz]
弱式 [f[] [fr[m] [t[] [s[m] [[m] [d[] [h[v] [d[z]
五
英音和美音的差異
由于美音的流行， 四級(jí)考試聽(tīng)力也以美音為主，但是，由于歷史的原因，我國(guó)大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)教師的發(fā)音，仍然以英音為主，所以，我們腦海中根深蒂固的英式發(fā)音， 可能和磁帶中的發(fā)音不一致， 進(jìn)而造成四級(jí)聽(tīng)力中的障礙。英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)在讀音上的差異主要反映在元音字母a, o 和輔音字母r的不同讀音上。
在ask, can"t, dance, fast, path 這?類的單詞中， 英國(guó)?將字母a 讀作[a:]，而美國(guó)人則讀作[?]， 所以這些詞在美國(guó)人口中就成了[Ask][kAnt][dAns][fAst]和[pB :W]。
六
常見(jiàn)的連讀短語(yǔ)及句子
1. Sit on the chair
2. Without any difficulty
3. in a minute
4. a woman of forty
5. best of all
6. arrive in the city
7. at eight o’clock
8. an old man and a girl
9. ask any person
10. walk across the street
11. on a foggy day
12. a student in the English Department
13. in our classroom
14. talk with a friend of mine
15. fall in the river
16. tell us a story
17. find it in my desk
18. waited and waited
19. run after it
20. at the end of the street
21. here and there
22. sit at the other end of the room
23. after a while
24. take for example
25. for an hour
26. a pair of trousers
27. wait for a student
29. put more on her plate
30. take care of it
31. can’t hear it
32. no air and water
33. the other answer
34. 150 kilometers per hour
35. a fire in a forest
36. discover a new star
37. doctor and nurse
38. far easier than that
39. the owner of the house
40. the paper in the desk
1. I don’t understand the theory at all.
2. Jane has saved a lot of money.
3. It isn’t our mistake.
4. My mother came and opened the door.
5. Instead of a shirt, Tom bought a jacket.
6. There was a man and a woman sitting behind me.
7. I shall graduate from middle school in one and a half years.
8. Don’t let him in while I’m reading.
9. He is a tall and handsome young man.
10. When I went into my office, he was talking with a friend of his.
11. While I was waiting for our bus, the rain stopped.
12. There is only one hospital in the town.
13. Perhaps that pair of shoes will fit me.
14. He came in and asked for a cup of coffee.
15. Here is your bag.
16. He is standing at the other end of the bridge.
17. There are no clean glasses in the kitchen, we have used them all.
18. Could you open the door for us?
19. He didn’t finish his work until after eight yesterday evening.
20. Don’t worry, we’ll find the answer after all.
1. This is the lost and found office.
2. My telephone number is 555-9470.
3. I couldn’t help overhearing what you said about an orchestra.
4. I’m in perfect health.
5. I’ve a perfect heart.
6. You win and I cook dinner for the entire family.
7. She was impressed by the relaxed and informal atmosphere.
8. I’m just here to do some research.
9. Do you ever smoke at meal times?
10. Some patients seemed almost normal.
11. But wouldn’t you like to go into the village sometimes to buy your own tobacco?
12. He was a gentle and mild-mannered old fellow .
13. Dr. Carmichael was easily persuaded to let her talk to Maurice.
14. Gillian felt slightly uneasy as the porter unlocked the gate and waved her through.
15. Oh, thank you very much,Ok.
16. I’ve never been out that way before at all to Australia or the Far East.
17. The food was strictly fish and chips.
18. In addition to this, we were most unhappy with the arrangements for our journey home.
19. Have you ever been to an exhibition?
20. The Indians are bad and the white man is good and brave.
21. Columbus thought he had arrived in India.
22. I remember going into the camp and getting a hot meal and clean clothes.
23. You need to work at it.
24. I made enough for an army.
25. I’ll make you two fried egg.
26. The same shift on Tuesday.
27. Her last question is about her other interest.
28. I hope your friend sends in an application.
29. They have their own special characteristics.
30. The other waiter hid the bottle I’d opened wrongly.
31. This gas will put anyone to sleep for exactly three minutes.
32. You’re going to go round to the manager’s desk and steal all the money.
33. I think it’s risky.
34. If you walk out with 50,000 pounds under your arm, somebody will surely notice you.
35. You go into the bank with a motor-cycle helmet on, and a black rubbish bag in your pocket.
36. When you get there, radio Ginger and tell him to come.
37. Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the wind is light.
38. The flight recorder of the DC10 airliner which crashed in the Antartic a fortnight ago.
39. Fifteen people are to appear in court in Manchester.
40. The trouble began when groups of rival supporters whose teams had both been playing London clubs began to insult each other.
41. Would you like a weekend in Las Vagas?
42. Mary stopped outside a shoe shop and looked in the window .
43. When an atom is divided, heat appears.
44. Talk of a quick election was pure speculation.
45. He hoped it would lead to a basis for negotiation.
46. How did you find it at first being stared at all day?
47. People weren’t aware in a scientific way of the role of different micro-organisms and enzymes in producing different types of cheese.
48. Cheese started being made on a large scale in factories.
49. They might not become great artist or composers.
50. It suddenly struck us that somebody must have taken this money.
51. The point is that his university life might not have been so difficult if his ability has been recognized sooner.
52. I knew it’s sudden, but this is an important opportunity.
53. Well,I wasn’t clear about my future.
54. It’s rather cold out here on the deck.
55. Mike and I had a hamburger this afternoon and we talk.
56. You couldn’t pick a finer medical school than Michigan.
57.The small producer working from his farm dairy continued to exist and still exist today.
常見(jiàn)連讀師范
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